摘要: MEDIEVAL CASTLE OF CHILHUJRAChilhujrais an outstanding architectural monument, one of the key in the early medieval Central Asia valuable for its original architecture, making significant adjustments to the dating of the appearance of some architectural d

MEDIEVAL CASTLE OF CHILHUJRA

Chilhujra is an outstanding architectural monument, one of the key in the early medieval Central Asia valuable for its original architecture, making significant adjustments to the dating of the appearance of some architectural details.

Chilhujra also gave many valuable finds. In addition to household items, there are remains of very poorly preserved wall paintings and a large number of charred wood with magnificent carvings, which were decorated with details of a flat ceiling, capitals of columns, doors, etc. Artistic processing of the tree is represented by three types: architectural ornament, figured relief carving and almost three-dimensional sculpture. Among the valuable finds are fragments of the oldest musical instruments on the territory of Tajikistan, jewelry, "golden Bracteate" the seventh in Central Asia and other items.

      The most valuable find are three plaques with Sogdian inscription, which have significant historical and cultural significance. This finding allows us to judge the wide spread of literacy. The fact that such cheap material as a tree was used for writing can speak in favor of this thought. This is also evidenced by the existence of a developed system of writing and its local features for individual regions, which finally solved the problem of the language and writing of the ancient Ustrushans.

In general, this two-storied castle, with unique in the architecture of Ustrushana, forms a special type of a dwelling complicated by an individualized layout, including ceremonial halls, living quarters, a chapel, household and corridor rooms. It demonstrates the first stage of castle construction and apparently reflects the endless variety of individual solutions that were conditioned by the specific natural conditions of the mountainous region.

 

Chilihjrag城堡，丘陵地形图申报遗产点所占的区域（ha）

 

 

中世纪早期锡尔河地区诸国

 

Bunjikat和Chilhujrag城堡所在区域的地形图

 

 

Chilhujrag城堡（复原图）

 

Chilhujrag城堡晚期底层平面图

Chilhujrag城堡晚期顶层平面图

 

发掘出来的房屋之一

 

Chilhujrag城堡拱门砌筑方式

 

 

Chilhujrag城堡，带粟特文的小木片

 

Chilhujrag城堡，壁画残片

 

Chilhujrag城堡，不同风格的拱门

 

Chilhujrag城堡，木刻雕塑（局部）