希索纳克定居点遗址

      该遗址作为丝绸之路泽拉夫善-卡拉库姆廊道（或者称之为泽拉夫善-锡尔河廊道）的一部分，于 2021 年初被提名为联合国教科文组织人类遗产暂定名录。

      希索纳克定居点遗址，位于马提奇山区现代村庄Madrushkat对面。中亚最高的定居点遗址，海拔 2250 米，占地约7公顷，保存了公元 7 至 8 世纪的建筑。

      从这里开始，粟特商人可以通过为期一天的时间向北前往费尔干纳谷；向南 - 瓦赫什河上游和巴克特里亚；然后顺着泽拉夫善河到达片治肯特和撒马尔罕。

      该遗址的一个特点是保存完好的有机物质 - 木梁和建筑物的墙体，以及稻草，从中您可以更好地了解房屋的建造方式和材料。在遗址上，还发现了幸存下来并保持其颜色的绘画和木制品（在片治肯特遗址，因为火灾，木制品被烧毁并烧焦，因此它们的颜色不可见）。

    从穆格山上发现的粟特文献可以看出，希索拉克（简称“Martshkat”=现代马鲁什卡特），与片治肯特有着密切的贸易联系，当时规模相当大——它生产服装、皮革制品，甚至存在传递信件的服务；他们还提到了一位来自 Martshkat 的统治者。它是泽拉夫善河上游最大的粟特城镇。

       自 1948 年以来，科学家们就知道该定居点，考古发掘工作于 1998 年和 2008 年进行。在这些房屋中发现了“小教堂” - 带有壁炉和前厅，用于冬季取暖（有些人认为它们是神圣的地方）。最近，冬宫的研究员鲁拜沙一直在向公众宣传这个地方。

       在由鲁拜沙主导的片治肯特古城遗址的年度发掘报告中，都附带有希索拉克遗址的发掘简报。

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来源：阿维斯塔，作者翻译：夏冉

TJ-01 Khisorak settlement
It is the most highland urban monument (above 7 ha) in Central Asia, 2250 m above sea level, with outstanding preservation of the architecture of the 7th – 8th centuries.

The existence of this developed settlement in the mountains, where no cities exist today, shows the outstanding craft of Sogdian people and their effectiveness in withstanding severe environment. The architecture of the Khisorak settlement is preserved well, up to 5 meters high, the massive adobe brick walls are visible above the cliffs enhanced with boulders, many passages survived completely. A great number of organic finds have been discovered at Khisorak: textiles and fragments of garments, wooden utensils including carved panels of ceiling and Sogdian documents, grains, leather, furs, mummified dog, etc. Being a grandiose town-planning and fortification project, Khisorak have a decorated palace on Citadel I. The settlement also bears testimony to Sogdian palatial architecture and decoration. It is also as an outstanding fortress of comb shape and an urban settlement in difficult to access mountain region with severe climate.