Name of individual Silk Roads component properties: Buddhist Remains of Kushinagar Brief description of the component property: The Monuments of Kushinagara are situated in three distinct groups viz., The main site, comprising the Main Stupa and Nirvana temple with the other surrounding monuments, the Shrine called Matha-Kuar to its south-west and the Cremation Stupa (Rambhar). Main Site: The Main Site comprising the Main Stupa which is a huge mass of brick work inclusive of its pinnacles may once have reached the height of nearly 45.72m. The plinth on which the Stupa and the temple were erected was 2.74 mtr. higher than the ground level. Above it stood the cylindrical neck of the Stupa to a height of 5.49m fringed along its top with the remnants of a row of decorative and miniature pilasters. The Nirvana Temple stands on the same plinth as the stupa behind it. A reclining Nirvana Statue lies inside the temple. The statue measures 6.1m in length and is executed out of one block of sandstone. This statue had originally been installed in the fifth century A.D. The Western Group:- In this group around the Stupa and Nirvana temple are to be seen a number of structures which were raised from time to time as complements to the nucleolus formed by the most sacred monuments. In this area some structures representing monasteries were built earlier than the fourth century to the west in front of the temple is seen a very large block of buildings covering a length of 109.73m of them, the one to the north measures 45.72m square extremely. It represents the largest monastery so far discovered at the place and comprises in fact not one but two monasteries of different periods and structures had been constructed in about the eight century and deserted some time after A.D 900. The Southern Group: - The monument in this group represents mostly small sized Stupas raised from time to time by devout pilgrims in token of their pious visits to the holy monuments. All the monuments of this group including two Stupas stand out rather prominently because of the carved brick and ornamental pilasters and cornices of their basements. Further there is an interesting oblong structure to the north of these. The large structure on the eastern portion of this group belongs to the declining days of Buddhism at Kushinagara. The Eastern Group: - The most important and interesting of the ruins in the eastern group is the large platform like brick structure a little obliquely oriented towards the main monument what sacred monument is represented by this quint building it is difficult to say but it may have been surmounted by a stupa of an uncommon type. Along the eastern side of the plinth of the main monument are also to be seen a few small sized stupas partly concealed in the plinth. The Northern Group: - Monuments of this group may be assigned to the Mauryan Age. In this group are seen a number of small stupas raised by pilgrims as in the southern group. The Matha-Kuar Shrine: - It is located in south-west of the main side. At this site is installed a colossal statue of Buddha locally called Matha-Kuar, made of Blue stone with inscription. In this part of the site same brick structure has been found and one inscription was also noticed by Carlleyle. It has records of the construction of the monastery and the chapel attached to it in the reign of a local chief of the Kalchuri dynasty probably Bhimata II. The cremation stupa (Ramabhar):- It is situated at 1.61 km. east of Matha-Kuar site. There is a sheet of water, called Ramabhar Jhil or pond, close to it, which dries up in summer. This large stupa with a huge circular drum 31 m. in diameter rests on a circular plinth, consisting of two or more terraces, and 46 m. in diameter at the base. From the site during excavation so many Buddhist inscribed clay seals have been found. The other excavated ruins near by this represented the usual minor stupas raised by pilgrims from time to time. Statement of authenticity and/or integrity of the individual component property: - It is still placed amidst a calm setting not much disturbed by the forces of urbanization, industrialization or modernization.
- The site is well preserved and retains complete authenticity of ancient character and ambience.
- Ever since it's coming into being, the site is protected by ASI and as such is preserved on archaeological principles and norms. Throughout the period, repairs have been carried out using original materials and integrity of site remains undisturbed.
Comparison of the Silk Roads component property with other similar properties, whether on the Silk Roads or not, and the reasons that make the property stand out: Though the contemporary brick stupas and monasteries are found elsewhere also, but the historic event attached to it (Buddha's Nirvana) gives it a sanctity not enjoyed by others. Added to it the placement of a huge reclining Buddha image of stone makes it unique among the usual structural brick stupas. The Kushinagara can be compared with other Buddhist sites like Vaishali, Bodhgaya (Bihar), Kausambi, Piparahwa, Sankisa, Sarnath (U.P.) which were closely associated with the main events of the life of Lord Buddha. 佛陀涅磐的圣地——拘尸那罗（Kushinagar） | 
佛陀自吠舍离城赴王舍城时，途中得病，在此婆罗双树下圆寂。这里也是佛陀生前最后度弟子须跋陀罗和涅槃后金刚力士放金刚杵处，以及八王分配佛舍利处。阿育王时，曾立有2根石柱，现已不存。以后该地又沦为摩揭陀国的势力范围。5世纪时，中国晋僧法显来此礼佛，看到“城中人民亦稀旷，止有众僧民户”，说明已经开始凋零。7世纪时．唐僧玄奘来此，描绘当地“城郭颓毁，邑里萧条，故城砖基，周十余里。居人稀旷，阎巷荒芜”。城西北阿恃多伐底河西岸有婆罗树林，其树皮青白，叶甚光润。有两棵树特别高，为佛陀涅槃处。
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榻与像原为一块整石，现改由砖和石混合砌成，上面雕刻了佛弟子阿难、苏婆达和摩拉酋长瓦吉拉婆尼及另外不知姓名的五人像以及铭文。
据《大唐西域记》卷六载“城北渡河三百余步，有翠堵坡（即佛塔），是如来焚身之处，地今黄黑土，杂灰炭，至诚求精，或得舍利。”基坛的直径约46米，高度大约15米，原来是天冠寺的遗迹。佛陀火化后的舍利安放在拘尸那迦的精舍供奉，和佛陀有因缘的国家都要求分配舍利，最后均分成八分，给八个国家带回去供奉。相传佛陀入灭后两百多年，阿育王统一印度时，将分配给八个国家的舍利起出，仿效佛陀的八万四千法门，细分舍利，在各地建立佛塔。如今的火化塔看上去是一堆光秃秃的弧形砖石遗迹。砖块上有朝圣者贴金的痕迹。塔周围的翠绿的草坪上长着高大的热带树木。朝圣者们在塔前跪拜，绕塔经行或者在塔前禅坐或长跪不起。
圣园里还有许多国家建造的寺庙，如日本本妙法莲华寺、韩国寺、泰国寺、斯里兰卡寺、缅甸寺，中国双林寺等。每座寺庙都代表了该国的建筑风格，有的寺庙建造豪华，有的寺庙建造简单。