一个半世纪以来，斯瓦特河谷流域的古老佛教艺术一直是学术讨论的焦点，从公元十九 世纪末开始，这经常被称为犍陀罗或犍陀罗艺术，虽然不恰当，但有两个原因：首先，它是在古代称为犍陀罗的领土上发现的；其次，这是由于来自东部印度河（巴基斯坦）到西北部阿克萨斯河（阿富汗北部和中亚部分地区）的广泛地区的艺术作品风格广泛相似。尽管有大量关于更广泛问题的研究资料可供使用，但学者们现在越来越倾向于关注当地传统，这些传统促成了所谓的犍陀罗艺术的出现和发展。正是在这一责任下，文中作者对白沙瓦大学（以下简称白沙瓦大学）考古系最近出土的斯瓦特河谷不同地区的雕塑进行了研究......

The ancient Buddhist art of the Indus-Oxus region has been the focus ofscholarly discussion for more than a century and a half. This is frequentlyreferred to, although inappropriately, as Gandhara or Gandharan art from theend of nineteenth century AD onward because of two reasons: firstly, it wasdiscovered in the territory called Gandhara in ancient times; secondy, it isdue to broad similarity in the style of art pieces coming from a wide area spreadingfrom the Indus in the east (in Pakistan) to the Oxus in the north-west(northern Afghanistan and part of Central Asia).

Although a huge corpus of research is available concerning broader issues,it is a growing tendency among the scholars to concentrate now on localtraditions which contributed to the emergence and development of the so calledGandhara art. It is under this obligation that the author undertook study ofsculptures from different localities in the Swat V alley most recentlyexcavated by the Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar, (hereafterPeshawar University).

The author has examined here the sculpture from archaeological contextand traced its changing perspective in the historical profile. This has alsobrought to light typical features of the Swati sculpture and indicated theprevalence of“zonal workshops” in each sub-valley. The workshops of eachsub-valley have common characteristic features and are distinguished in a“zonalstyle”.

In the limited area of our research there emerged three distinct suchstyles, however, there could be more“zonal styles" in the whole of theValley. These and other issues that are pointed out at the end of this paperdemand the attention of scholars and require a thorough research in the Swat Valley,a region of prime importance for tracing the history of Buddhist art in theIndu-Oxus region.

We assume that the Swat Valley has the potential of exhibiting theorigin of Gandhara art, for, it has . the clue of antedating the Scytho-ParthianPhase of Buddhist art (which is normally regarded as the source of Gandharaart) discovered at Sirkap in Taxila' and Ai- Khanum in Afghanistan.

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斯瓦特佛教艺术与特点